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Battle of Marais des Cygnes
The Battle of Marais des Cygnes took place on October 25, 1864, in Linn County, Kansas during Price's Missouri Raid in the American Civil War. It is also called the Battle of Osage, or the Battle of Trading Post. It proved to be the first of three interconnected actions on this same day, all involving elements of Major General Sterling Price's Confederate Army of Missouri, and the Union's Provisional Cavalry Division commanded by Major General Alfred Pleasonton.
During this battle, two brigades of Pleasonton's cavalry, one under Colonels John F. Philips and the other under Frederick Benteen, caught up with Price's rear guard at Trading Post, Kansas. Price's army covered the crossing of the Marais des Cygnes River with a Southern supply train. Though unable to prevent the crossing or inflict serious damage on Confederate forces, Pleasonton's troopers did manage to capture prisoners and artillery, forcing Price to continue his retreat. This led in turn to a second engagement at Mine Creek later that morning, followed by a final battle at Marmiton River in the afternoon. The three Union victories won on this day sealed the fate of Price's campaign.
==Background==
During the American Civil War, the Confederate authorities were looking for an edge in the upcoming U.S. presidential election of 1864. Due to this, they decided to attempt to take over the territory of Missouri to help persuade the people of the North to vote against current President, Abraham Lincoln. With Missouri as a Confederate territory, they were convinced it would give them the advantage in winning the war. With commands from Lt. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith, Sterling Price assembled an army to take on this challenge. After this, he lost his infantry units to reassignment, and was forced to create a cavalry for the raid.〔Mark A. Lause ''Price's Lost Campaign: The 1864 Invasion of Missouri'' ISBN 9780826272638〕
Price then led an expedition into Missouri seeking to capture that state for the Confederacy, or at least to negatively affect Abraham Lincoln's chances for reelection in 1864. Price moved up through the state winning battles along the way, until he was halted by Union troops at the Battle of Westport, near modern day Kansas City, Missouri. Price’s army was defeated by Union forces under the command of Major Generals Samuel R. Curtis and Alfred Pleasonton. Price began to quickly withdraw south toward his base in Arkansas. Meanwhile Pleasonton, commanding a Union cavalry division, pursued him into Kansas hoping to capture or destroy his army before he could reach Confederate territory. This led to the three battles on October 25 that destroyed Price’s cavalry, and led to his evacuation of Kansas. The three battles were the Battle of Marais des Cynges, the Battle of Mine Creek, and the Battle of Marmiton River.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Price's Raid and the Civil War Battles of Linn County )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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